Abstract            Volume:8  Issue-8  Year-2020         Original Research Articles

Online ISSN : 2347 - 3215 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcret@gmail.com

Biodegradation is defined as the biologically catalyzed reduction in complexity of chemical compounds. Indeed, biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into smaller compounds by living microbial organisms. The main aim of this review is to show how much microbial communities are important in waste removal biotechnologies. In this review recently published articles about biodegrading microbes were accessed and reviewed following necessary acknowledgement. When biodegradation is complete, the process is called "mineralization". However, in most cases the term biodegradation is generally used to describe almost any biologically mediated change in a substrate. So, understanding the process of biodegradation requires an understanding of the microorganisms that make the process work. The microbial organisms transform the substance through metabolic or enzymatic processes. It is based on two processes: growth and cometabolism. In growth, an organic pollutant is used as sole source of carbon and energy. This process results in a complete degradation (mineralization) of organic pollutants. Cometabolism is defined as the metabolism of an organic compound in the presence of a growth substrate that is used as the primary carbon and energy source. Several microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria and yeasts are involved in biodegradation process. Algae and protozoa reports are scanty regarding their involvement in biodegradation. Biodegradation processes vary greatly, but frequently the final product of the degradation is carbon dioxide. Organic material can be degraded aerobically, with oxygen, or anaerobically, without oxygen. Generally microorganisms with biodegrading ability are a promising phenomenon in waste removal technologies without harming life and wasting resources.

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