Abstract            Volume:5  Issue-3  Year-2017         Original Research Articles

Online ISSN : 2347 - 3215 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcret@gmail.com

Pteridophyta is a phylum of plants which is commonly known as ferns. About more than 12,000 different species of ferns are distributed worldwide. They are distinguished from flowering plants by not producing seeds & fruit. The members of Pteridophyta reproduce through spores. Ferns were some of the Earth’s first land plants. They are vascular and have true leaves. In evolutionary history, the advent of vascular plants changed the way the world looked. Prior to the spread of vascular plants, the land had only plants that were no more than a few centimeters tall; the origin of the vascular system made it possible for plants to be much taller. As it became possible for plants to grow taller, it also became necessary – otherwise, they would get shaded by their taller neighbors. With the advent of vascular plants, the competition for light became intense, and forests started to cover the earth. (A forest is simply a crowd of plants competing for light). The earliest forests were composed of vascular non-seed plant, though modern forests are dominant by seed plant.

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